@Article{Lion2013,
  Author         = {Lion, Sébastien},
  Title          = {Multiple infections, kin selection and the
                   evolutionary epidemiology of parasite traits},
  Journal        = {Journal of evolutionary biology},
  doi            = {10.1111/jeb.12207},
  Volume         = {26},
  Number         = {10},
  Pages          = {2107-2122},
  URL = {https://evolepid.cefe.cnrs.fr/pub/Lion2013.pdf},
  som            = {https://evolepid.cefe.cnrs.fr/pub/Lion-MultInf-2013-SOM.pdf},
  Abstract       = {The coinfection of a host by several parasite strains
                   is known to affect selective pressures on parasite
                   strategies of host exploitation. I present a general
                   model of coinfections that ties together kin selection
                   models of virulence evolution and epidemiological
                   models of multiple infections. I derive an analytical
                   expression for the invasion fitness of a rare mutant in
                   a population with an arbitrary distribution of the
                   multiplicity of infection (MOI) across hosts. When a
                   single mutation affects parasite strategies in all MOI
                   classes, I show that the evolutionarily stable level of
                   virulence depends on a demographic average of
                   within-host relatedness across all host classes. This
                   generalization of previous kin selection results
                   requires that within-host parasite densities do not
                   vary between hosts. When host exploitation strategies
                   are allowed to vary across classes, I show that the
                   strategy of host exploitation in a focal MOI class
                   depends on the relative magnitudes of parasite
                   reproductive values in the focal class and in the next.
                   Thus, in contrast to previous findings, lower
                   within-host relatedness in competitive parasite
                   interactions can potentially correspond to either
                   higher or lower levels of virulence.},
  keywords = {epidemiology; kin selection; multiple infections; virulence},
  year           = {2013}
}